CO2利用在有机合成中的研究进展

Research progress of CO2 utilization in organic synthesis

关键词:  二氧化碳  合成  有机化合物  催化  化工利用

Key words:  carbon dioxide  synthesis  organic compound  catalysis  chemical utilization

摘要:

大气中CO₂含量不断增加对环境和社会的影响是目前全球面临的最重大挑战之一。作为减缓和适应气候变化的行之有效的手段,碳捕获、利用和封存已引起越来越多的关注。其中,CO₂利用,即直接使用CO₂或将其转化为更有价值的产品,已成为减少CO₂排放广泛战略中的一个极其重要的组成部分,这一挑战的实现需要技术和政策变革的支撑。总结和讨论了近20年来国内外利用催化、合成技术,将CO₂转化为高附加值特定化学品(如甲酸、甲醇、聚合物等)的工艺研究进展和存在的相关挑战,并从原子高效率利用和工业角度,提出一些以CO₂为合成原料的具有一定工业应用前景的有机合成方法,如基于CO₂的聚醚醇碳酸酯和聚碳酸酯的合成,并指出实现这一工业应用面临的难点和挑战。

Abstract:

The influence of increasing CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere on the environment and society is one of the most significant challenges all over the world at present. As an effective means of mitigating and adapting to climate change, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has attracted increasingly attention. CO₂ utilization, that is, the direct use of CO₂ or its conversion into more valuable products, has become an extremely important part of a broad strategy to reduce CO₂ emissions. The realization of this challenge requires the support of technological and policy changes. This review discusses the research progresses and related challenges in the process of converting CO₂ into specific chemicals (such as formic acid, methanol, polymers) at domestic and abroad in the past 20 years, and proposes the methods that may have potential to apply to industrial organic synthesis on a large scale in the near future from the perspective of high-efficiency use of atoms and industry, such as the CO₂ based synthesis of polyether alcohol carbonate and polycarbonate, meanwhile, the difficulties and challenges that need to be faced to realize the application are also pointed out in this review.