碳中和背景下氢气纯化技术研究进展

Hydrogen purification technology research progress in the background of carbon neutrality

关键词:  高纯氢  纯化  分离  膜  吸附 

Key words:  high-purity hydrogen  purification  separation  membrane  adsorption

摘要:

氢能作为一种高效的零碳能源,未来发展潜力巨大,是碳中和背景下新能源更迭的重要推动力。由于当前主流的制氢方式所产出的氢气均含有杂质,故纯化分离技术是氢能利用中的关键技术,纯化后的氢气可应用于各工业领域。综述了常用的变压吸附、低温分离、金属氢化物、膜分离、溶剂吸收5项氢气纯化技术的研究现状,同时介绍了超音速纯化氢气的新技术。分析了各项氢气纯化技术的工艺流程、使用设备、适用条件、纯化效果以及优势与不足,明确了当前各项纯化技术的研究热点及面临的挑战。最后对各项氢气纯化技术进行了总结,提出了氢气纯化技术未来发展的趋势与研究方向,为优化获得更高效、经济的氢气纯化技术提供有价值的参考。

Abstract:

As an efficient zero-carbon energy source, hydrogen energy has great potential for future development. It is considered to be an important driving force for transforming new energy sources in the background of carbon neutrality. Because the hydrogen produced by the current mainstream hydrogen production method contains impurities, purification and separation technology is critical in using hydrogen energy. Pure hydrogen can be used in various industrial fields. This paper describes the impurity components contained in hydrogen-rich raw gas obtained by various hydrogen production technologies, and reviews the research status of five commonly used hydrogen purification technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption, low-temperature separation, metal hydride, membrane separation, and solvent absorption, as well as introduces the new hydrogen purification technology using a supersonic separation device. Meanwhile, this paper also analyzes the process flow, equipment, application conditions, purification effect, advantages and disadvantages of each hydrogen purification technology, and clarifies the challenges faced by each purification technology and current research hotspots. Finally, it summarizes various hydrogen purification technologies, and proposes the future development trend and research direction of hydrogen purification technology, which provides a valuable reference for obtaining optimizedly more efficient and economical hydrogen purification technology.