熔融法天然气裂解制石墨烯工艺及应用研究

Research on the process and application of natural gas cracking to graphene by the melting method

关键词:  天然气综合利用  熔融法  天然气裂解  石墨烯  氢

Key words:  comprehensive utilization of natural gas  molten method  natural gas cracking  graphene  hydrogen

摘要:

目的 采用熔融法天然气裂解技术将天然气中的碳元素转化为高价值碳材料——石墨烯，结合可再生能源供能，可实现整个工艺零碳排放且副产氢。为进一步实现天然气的低碳、高值化利用，有必要对熔融法天然气裂解技术进行研究。方法 介绍了熔融法天然气裂解制石墨烯工艺的反应机理、熔融介质研发进展与裂解反应器设计等，并以中国石油西南油气田公司（以下简称西南油气田公司）熔融法所产石墨烯粉体为样本，对其进行分析表征与应用研究。结果 在熔融法天然气裂解实验中发现：高温和高含量原料气有助于提升石墨烯生长的速度和转化率，石墨烯出现厚度增大的现象。西南油气田公司通过对熔融催化体系进行改性，降低裂解反应温度和提高原料气进气含量，成功制得少层石墨烯，提升了石墨烯产量。结论 根据应用性能评估结果，表明西南油气田公司所产石墨烯粉体可在导热、防腐、导电与封堵液等应用领域进行开发。此外，加强裂解反应器及其配套设备的研发、石墨烯行业标准编制将是未来重点发展方向。

Abstract:

Objective The molten natural gas cracking technology converts the carbon element in natural gas into high-value carbon material—graphene, combined with renewable energy supply, can achieve zero carbon emissions for the entire process and produce hydrogen as a by-product. In order to further achieve the low-carbon and high-value utilization of natural gas, it is necessary to research the molten natural gas cracking technology. Methods This paper introduces the reaction mechanism of the molten natural gas cracking process for producing graphene, the research progress of molten media, and the design of cracking reactors and so on. Using the graphene powder produced by PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company as a sample, the analysis, characterization, and application research of it are conducted. Results In the molten natural gas cracking experiment, it was found that high temperature and high content of raw material gas help to increase the growth rate and conversion rate of graphene, and graphene tends to increase in thickness. PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company modified the molten catalytic system, effectively reducing the cracking reaction temperature, increasing the appropriate content of raw material gas intake, and successfully producing few-layer graphene, thereby increasing the graphene yield. Conclusions According to the application performance evaluation results, the graphene powder produced by PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company can be applied and developed in the fields of heat conduction, corrosion protection, electrical conduction, and plugging fluids. In addition, strengthening the research and development of cracking reactors and their supporting equipment, as well as the formulation of industry standards for the graphene, will be one of the key development directions in the future.