试炼巴士拉重质原油工业实践

Industrial practice of refining Basra heavy crude oil

关键词:  巴士拉重质原油  减压渣油  沥青  原油罐底油  铁含量  氯含量

Key words:  Basra heavy crude oil  vacuum residue  asphalt  bottom oil of crude oil tank  iron content  chlorine content

摘要:

目的 降低原油成本及汽、柴油产量，以适应炼化行业的快速发展和能源产业结构调整造成的汽、柴油市场萎缩和炼化行业产能过剩局面。方法 以巴士拉重质原油为原料，增加直馏工艺间歇式生产沥青的流程，通过调整原油、半成品及成品物料的库存数量保证蒸馏-渣油加氢-催化和蒸馏-焦化工艺的连续平稳运行。结果 将质量分数为20%的巴士拉重质原油与其他劣质原油掺混后，采用直馏工艺生产出合格的AH-70(A)牌号沥青。试炼期间还掺炼了铁质量分数达到155 μg/g的二次稀释原油罐底油，掺炼质量分数为24%。通过控制常压渣油外甩量，渣油加氢原料中（镍+钒）质量分数仅为71.9 μg/g。结论 以巴士拉重质原油为原料，通过直馏工艺可生产出性能良好的沥青产品，加工的主要难点是渣油收率高和重金属含量高。对于单套规模较大的蒸馏装置，可采取间歇性掺炼的加工方法，通过控制常压渣油外甩量的方式，降低对渣油加氢催化剂的影响。

Abstract:

Objective The aim is to reduce the cost of crude oil and gasoline and diesel production, in order to adapt to the rapid development of the refining industry and the shrinking of the gasoline and diesel market and the overcapacity of the refining industry caused by the adjustment of the energy industry structure. Methods Using the Basra heavy crude oil as raw material, the process of intermittent production of asphalt by straight distillation process was added. By adjusting the inventory of crude oil, semi-finished products, and finished products, the continuous and stable operation of the distillation-residual oil hydrogenation-catalysis and distillation-coking processes was ensured. Results After blending 20 wt% Basra heavy crude oil with other inferior crude oil, qualified AH-70(A) grade asphalt was produced by straight distillation process. During the trial refining, the secondary dilution tank bottom crude oil with an iron mass fraction of 155 μg/g was blended, and the blending mass fraction was 24%. The mass fraction of nickel and vanadium in the residue hydrogenation raw material was only 71.9 μg/g while controlling the atmospheric residue discharge. Conclusions Using Basra heavy crude oil as raw material, asphalt products with good performance can be produced by straight distillation process. The main difficulties in processing are high residue oil yield and high heavy metal content. For a single set of large-scale distillation unit, the processing method of intermittent blending can be adopted, and the influence on residue oil hydrogenation catalyst can be reduced by controlling the atmospheric residue discharge.