Baotong Lu（Materials Engineering Department, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp95～105,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract：Challenges due to erosion-corrosion in oil and gas production are briefly reviewed. The achievements of the author’s group on the modeling of synergistic effects erosion are summarized. The erosion-corrosion mechanisms, the methods to evaluate the erosion-corrosion resistance of materials and the approaches to mitigate the damage caused by erosion-corrosion are discussed in this article. This article is presented in two parts. Part 2 focuses on the corrosion-enhanced erosion, the methodology to predict the erosion corrosion behavior and technology to mitigate erosion corrosion in oil/gas production.

Key words:erosion-corrosion, petroleum, evaluation, mitigation

 

Xu Dong(Tianjin University, Tianjin 300280,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp106～111,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: With the rapid development of natural gas business, PetroChina is trying to be the leader of LNG industry. Analyze economic development and reform effect through top level design and grass roots creation. Combined with LNG business development situation of PetroChina and the state of environment at home and abroad, the LNG development strategy is discussed based on the organic coupling of toplevel design and grassroots creation.

Key words: natural gas, LNG, toplevel design, grassroots creation, development strategy

 

Shi Gang¹，Cai Zhen¹，Bao Xiaojun²，Fan Yu¹(1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249, China; 2. The Key Laboratory of Catalysis, China National Petroleum Coporation, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp1～10,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp112～118,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: A series of Al₂O₃, TiO₂-Al₂O₃ and TiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃ oxides were prepared by the pH swing method and the paralleled flow precipitation method, respectively, and their supported hydrodesulfurization catalysts for the hydro upgrading of heavy fluid catalytic cracking naphtha were assessed. The characterization results showed that in the binary TiO₂-Al₂O₃ supports, TiO₂ is dispersed on the surface of Al₂O₃ and there is a surface enriching tendency of TiO₂ with the increasing TiO₂ content; compared with binary TiO₂-Al₂O₃ supports, trinary TiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃ supports have relatively smaller pore volumes and diameters but higher acid amounts. The catalytic assessment results revealed that the catalysts supported on trinary TiO₂-MgO-Al₂O₃ oxides demonstrated better hydrosulfurization performance,and gave a desulfurization ratio of >90% while presenting a lower olefin saturation.

Key words: pH swing method, paralleled flow precipitation method, trinary Ti-Mg-Al composite oxides, selective hydrodesulfurization

 

 

 

 

Refrigeration scheme comparison of NGL recovery process in Jinzhou 20-2 gas processing plant

Xu Minhang, Wang Dalin,Zhang Zibo,Hu Wenjie(CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100027,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp119～122,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: The refrigeration scheme of NGL recovery process plays a significant role on the economic benefit of gas processing plant. Take a proposed gas processing plant in Beigang industrial area, Huludao city of CNOOC as an example, by Hysys and Pipeflow simulation of the NGLprocess, meanwhile, considering the energy consumption of compressor in offshore platform upstream,  two cooling modes “expander + DHX process” and “expander + propane refrigeration + DHX process” is studied. The later cooling mode is recommended and 3.2MPa is an available inlet pressure.

Key words: newbuilt Jinzhou 20-2 gas processing plant, NGL recovery, refrigeration scheme, C3 recovery rate, economic comparison

 

Tian Manhong¹ , Dang Zhanyuan¹ , Tang Zhonghuai²， Xia Yong³(1. Sinopec Tahe Petrochemical Limited Liability Company，Kuche, 842000, Xinjiang, China; 2. Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610213,Sichuan, China;3.PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company NO.2 Gas Plant, Jingbian 718500, Shaanxi, China). CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp123～126,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: This paper introduced the application of low temperature hydrogenation catalyst CT6-11A and CT6-11B in tail gas hydrogenation process of 1# sulfur recovery unit at Tahe Petrochemical company. The operation parameters during catalyst calibration, unit energy consumption and mass concentration of SO₂ emissions in the flue gas during replacement of sulfur recovery catalyst were analyzed, and the application of CT6-11was summarized.

Key words: sulfur recovery, Claus tail gas, low temperature, hydrogenation catalyst, CT6-11

 

Xiao Wenjing(Beijing WorleyParsons E&T Co., Ltd. Nanjing Office, Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp127～130,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: Fiber membrane technology has been applied to sweetening process of liquefied petroleum gas in Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Company. In operation process, the problems that bisulfide separator and the exhaust pipeline corroded, atmosphere pollution caused by the direct exhausting of sweetening tail gas, and the difficult treatment of alkali residue have been found. To solve these issues, improvements and conutermeasures have been proposed. The results showed that improving the adding method of fresh caustic and catalyst can reduce the amount of alkali residue; controlling bisulfide separator under the proper operation temperature and spraying ceramic coatings can avoid the corrosion of separator, replacing material of pipeline can avoid the corrosion of tail gas pipeline; the problem of atmosphere pollution can be solved by sending sweetening tail gas to incinerator of sulfur recovery unit to burn.

Key words: fiber membrane, alkali consumption, alkali residue, alkali brittleness, sweetening tail gas

 

Tang Xi¹，Ran Wenfu²，Cheng Xiaoming²，Chang Lingsong³(1.Yinjin Branch of Chongqing Natural Gas Purification Plant General,Chongqing 401236,China;2.Changshou Branch of Chongqing Natural Gas Purification Plant General,Chongqing 401259,China; 3.Sichuan Petroleum Construction Co.,Ltd）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp131～135,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: CPS sulfur recovery unit is completed and put into operation in Changshou branch, in order to ensure safe and optimized operation of the device, part of the operation improvements is described in this article. Increasing the acid gas shunt bypass, improving air distribution control program; using air purge instead of nitrogen purge and increasing lowflow air chain of exhaust burning furnace etc. are included.

Key words: CPS sulfur recovery technology, improvements of operation

 

Zhan Mengqing（Sinopec Guangzhou Branch, Guangzhou 510725,Guangdong,

China）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp136～139,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: This paper introduces cooling operation of hydrotreater fractionation system and outage operation process of fractionation furnace in Guangzhou Petrochemical Company. Product quality, material balance and energy consumption after outage of fractionation furnace are analyzed. The analysis shows that there is no effect on product quality of the refined oil , the comprehensive energy consumption of device has been decreased greatly after optimized operation of the fractionation system, and it illustrates that cooling optimization operation of the fractionation system is favorable to the device.

Key words: hydrogenation, fractionation,cooling, optimization, energy consumption

 

Hou Ke(No.2 Joint Workshop,Jingmen Branch, SINOPEC, Jingmen 448002，Hubei,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp140～142,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: Natural gas used as reducing medium for conversion catalyst of hydrogen plant is successful in Jingmen Branch, Sinopec. It has high application value as a technological innovation because of its time shorten, cost reduction, fuel and electrical energy saving. The economic benefit is considerable.

Key words: natural gas, reductant, technological innovation, benefits

 

Li Zhenyu,Hu Xuteng, Huang Gesheng, Ren Wenpo(Petrochemical Research Institute of PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100195, China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp143～148,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: This paper introduced the imported LNG source status and LNG receiving station construction, discussed the utilization pathway of ethane and cold energy in LNG, put forward related proposal on accelerating LNG industry development.The suggestion was that China should speed up LNG resource distribution overseas, consider the combination of coastal petrochemical projects when building LNG receiving station, study the scientific utilization of LNG cold energy deeply while speed up the LNG filling station construction, and advance the development of LNG as a transportation fuel, so as to guarantee the LNG market supply.

Key words: liquefied natural gas, ethane, cold energy, receiving station, ethylene, comprehensive utilization

 

Qi Guangjian(Sinopec Tahe Petrochemical Limited Liability Company, Hydrogenation and Hydrogen Production Plant, Kuche 842000,Xinjiang,China）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp149～153,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: Based on Sinopec Tahe petrochemical 1^# hydrogen plant changing to use blending residual refinery dry gas, 2^# hydrogen plant has used natural gas and dry gas as raw material instead of natural gas only. This paper discussed the effect of adding dry gas and addition on 2^# hydrogen device, analyzed its advantages and disadvantages, and provided improved methods, so as to ensure the plant operation safely and smoothly.

Key words: dry gas, raw material, hydrogen device, effect

 

Liu Shengpeng（Chengdu Natural Gas Chemical Works，PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610213,Sichuan,China）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp154～155,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: This article introduced treatment of coldbox abnormal liquidflooding phenomenon once in Guang'an LNG plant（PRICO@ MRC process of BV）, put forward a suggestion on how to treat cold box liquidflooding quickly and efficiently while maintaining some production and rebuild to normal production condition.

Key words: LNG, MRC process，cold boxliquidflooding

 

Yuan Ruirui¹, Sun Guichun¹, Gao Shenghua¹, Wang Na¹, Shen Liping¹, Zhu Yuping¹，Liu Xiaoxu²(1.Supervision and Testing Station of Chemical Products, Technical Center of Supervision and Inspection, Zhongyuan Oilfield,  Puyang 457001, Henan,China;2.Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500, Sichuan,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp156～159,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: The enterprise standards of Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau and other related standards about testing of corrosion and scale inhibitor effect have some defects, and which influence the experimental results. This article started from the choice of indicators, the dosage of masking agent and other factors. Through analyzing and comparing test results, we found that improved and optimized evaluation methods are more suitable for evaluating scale inhibition effect of corrosion and scale inhibitors.

Key words: corrosion and scale inhibitors, standards, improve and optimize, scale inhibition effect

 

Wang Wei¹，Li Meirong²，Mao Leiting¹，Li Haocheng¹，Zhao Nana²，Huang Man²(1.Shengli Oilfield Shengli Engineering Design and Consulting Company，SINOPEC，Dongying 257026，Shandong，China;2. College of Science，China University of Petroleum，Qingdao 266580，Shandong，China ) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp160～164,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: The influence of HPAM, pyrrolin and pyrrolin/HPAM system on the stability of crude oil emulsion was studied through dehydration and interfacial properties experiment in this paper. The result indicated that when different oildisplacing agents with concentration of 100 mg/L were added in emulsion, the dehydration rate decreased by 15% and the SV value increased, the stability of crude oil emulsion was strengthened by all oil displacing agents. The conductivity and Zeta potential value of the water phase increased with demulsification, the median size of oil droplets decreased, then the coalescence of oil droplets was difficult. The stability mechanism of different oildisplacing agents was different: HPAM had no obvious influence on interfacial tension but made the emulsion stable by increasing its viscosity; however, pyrrolin greatly reduced the interfacial tension and had no influence on viscosity. The synergistic effects of the two oildisplacing agents made the emulsion more stable.

Key words: oil-displacing agent, dehydration rate, interfacial tension, Zeta potential, stability

 

Zhang Lei, Peng Zhigang, Yu Jinling, Xu Xin, Li Guofeng(Shengli Petroleum Administration Drilling Technology Research Institute, Shengli Petroleum Administration Completion Engineering Key Laboratory, Dongying 257017, Shandong,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp165～167,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract：Fracturing technology is the core technology in development of unconventional resources, and the quality of fracturing ball determines the technical success or failure. The high performance PEAK/Carbon fiber (CF) composite was prepared by extrusion pelletization with the raw material of carbon fiber (CF) and pure PEAK, and the micromorphology, thermal performance and mechanics property of the composite were studied. The results indicated that the combination of CF and PEAK was tight.When the mass fraction of CF was about 25%,  the thermal decomposition temperature of PEAK/CF composite is above 500℃, and the tensile strength, shear strength and flexural strength of the composite were very good.

Key words： unconventional oil-gas, PEAK, thermal performance, mechanical property

 

Xiao Hui, Guo Jianchun,He Chunming(State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation,Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp168～172,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: Heavyweight of fracturing fluid is one of the important methods to solve high well head pressure and difficulty in breaking down the formation of acid fracturing and hydraulic fracturing. Formula of weighted fracturing fluid is optimized for meeting different heavyweight requirements, a systematic evaluation is given to its properties in laboratory. The results show that the swelling ability of weighted fracturing fluid is good. The density of weighted fracturing fluid is linear to the salt content, the highest density is 1.43 g/cm³.The gel viscosity and stability of the fracturing fluid decrease with the increase of salt content, but increasing crosslinking agent dosage can improve the stability of the weighted fracturing fluid in a high temperature environment. Retarded crosslinking performance of the fluid can greatly reduce the friction, friction reducing ratio is up to 39.9%.The weighted fracturing fluid can be broken quickly in a high temperature environment(>90℃), the surface tension is 28 mN/m. The damage rate of conductivity of propping fractures is 7%~21%. Based on a field deep well, the optimization ideas for the density of weighted fracturing fluid is described in detail.

Key words:  high temperature, deep well, fracturing pressure, weighted fracturing fluid, optimization method

 

Zhao Wei^1，2, Gao Yunwen^1，2, Ouyang Yong^1，2, Wang Yongming^1，2(1.National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Lowpermeability

Oil and Gas Field, Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China; 2.Changqing Oilfield Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute, Xi'an 710021,Shannxi,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp173～176,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: Inclined segment of horizontal wells in Sulige gas field was drilled to mudstones,  then collapse occurred and sticking often happened, which affected the drilling speed. For this reason, inorganic inhibitors and organic inhibitors were optimized to form the complex salt drilling fluid. The first recovery rate is 85%, the second is more than 75%, the lowest shale swelling reduce rate is about 73% with strong inhibition, low water loss, high lubrication, stable aggravation and good carrying sand performance. Through testing 8 field wells, there is no dropper, tripping is smooth, and electrical measuring succeeded one time.

Key words: inorganic inhibitors, horizontal well, collapse, adsorption

Zeng Mingyou, Du Juan, Liu Fenghe(College of Petroleum Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp177～180,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: With the deep development of domestic oil field water injection, pollution, plugging and insufficient injection problems of water injection well are more and more aggravated. To release the damage and extend the acidification cycle of water injection well are urgent problems for domestic oil field at present. In this paper, the main reason of damages in water injection well was analyzed, and the acid system was proposed for dissolved plug and increasing water injection.

Key words: water injection well, damage mechanism, acidification, acid system, anti-scale

 

Chen Gengliang¹, Tang Fei^1，2（1.Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology, PetroChina Southwest Oli & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610213,Sichuan,China;

2.Key Laboratory of Natural Gas quality and Energy Measurement,CNPC,Chengdu 610213,Sichuan,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp181～187,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: A method and device have been developed which accurately measure the BTU content of hydrocarbons at pipeline conditions. The cost of this device allows some users who currently collect samples to have the advantages of online BTU measurement. The device measures, reports, and logs the BTU value per unit volume several times per minute. As the absorption cell is nearly isobaric with the pipeline, the energy flow through the pipeline can be computed directly as the product of the BTU value per unit volume times volumetric flow rate. BTU and composition are measured via optical absorption spectroscopy in the vicinity of 900 nm using a spectrograph and a silicon array detector. In contrast to longer infrared wavelengths, the natural gas absorption spectrum in this spectral region is a linear combination of the spectra of the component species. The observed spectrum can therefore be accurately fit to yield the concentration, in molecules per unit volume, of all C1 to C6 hydrocarbon components and water. The energy content of the components is then summed to yield the BTU per unit volume. Additional information such as the compressibility, density, and relative density can also be obtained from the measured gas compositions.

Key words:natural gas, energy determination, BTU, realtime measurement, BTU measurement device

 

Jiang Jihui^1，2，Ji Zhonglun^1，2，Zhao Min^1，2， Ren Xiaorong^1，2（1. Oligas Technology Institute of Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710021，Shaanxi, China;2.National Engineering Laboratory of Lowpermeability Oil and Gas Exploration and Development, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp188～191,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract:  One of the best way for well site wastewater reclamation is fracturing fluid preparation. The influence of different inorganic salts type and content on the characteristics of fracturing fluid is studied by simulating the well site wastewater. Research shows that the performance of fracturing fluid is dropped significantly when the inorganic salts content in well site wastewater is more than 1%. High valent cationic such as calcium, magnesium etc. and carbonate root ion affect the performance of fracturing fluid greatly, which shall be removed during the wastewater treatment process.

Key words: well site wastewater，inorganic salt，fracturing fluid，influence

 

Cui Gang¹, Chen Huaxing², Liu Min², Xu Jia³（1. Tianjin Branch of CNOOC China Limited, Tianjin 300452, China;2. CNOOC Energy Technology &ServiceOilfield Technology Services Co., Tianjin 300452, China;3. CNOOC Energy Technology &Service, Tianjin 300452, China）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp192～195,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: Suspended solid is the main control index of oilfield injection water，the exceeded suspended solids can easily block the leakage end face and seepage pores of injection wells, which cause water injection pressure increasing and injection rate declining, in a word, the effect of water injection is worse. Through the rock ore analysis to analyze the QK 17-2 oilfield water injection suspended solids, and put forward the solution to high suspended solid content and control measures of removing the blockage. Study shows that suspended solids content increases by 1.8 to 5.1 mg/L after the injection of fresh water and sewage water, the main reason is that fresh water and sewage water is not compatible, and the process is dirty. By the addition of 30mg/L antiscale 95% ATMP, the concentration of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ in the mixing water samples as well as the increase of suspended solids  can be inhibited, installation of filter at the wellhead can further stabilize the quality of injection water. The main components of suspended solids in injection water are corrosion products of ironsulfur compounds and formation mineral based on silicon and aluminum, which contain a small amount of calcium and magnesiumbased carbonate, the main particle size is from 5μm to 15μm. By strengthening the acidification efforts of ironsulfur compounds and increasing the dosage of hydrochloric acid preliquid, the blockages can be dissolved well and the water injection effect can be improved.

Key words: Qikou17-2 oilfield, injection water quality, suspended matters, component analysis, control measures

 

Liu Xiaoli¹, Wu Qinglun¹, Chen Zhongbin¹，Kuang Ye²(1.CDB High Sour Development Project, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610051, Sichuan,China;2.Market Development Department,Sichuan Kehong Petroleum & Gas Engineering Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610213,Sichuan,China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp196～200,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: According to EIA report requirements, the industrial and overhaul waste water of Luojiazhai and Gunziping shall be reinjected into ground via reinjection well after treatment. The distance between natural gas treatment plant of Luojiazhai or Gunziping gas field to reinjection well is far away, so the reliability & feasibility of reinjection wellhead data transmission design is very critical for realtime monitoring of pressure, temperature and flow in reinjection well & pipeline as well as alarming on time when accident happens during reinjection. From the point of design, this paper specified the feasible scenarios of reinjection wellhead data transmission. GPRS wireless data transmission should be the best scenario for this project through comparisons, which might provide some reference for other similar data transmission projects.

Key words: waste water, reinjection, GPRS, data transmission, plan, optimization

 

Zhang Baozhu, Hou Wenxiang, Song Yongchao  (China Petroleum Pipeline Domestic Division, Langfang 065000, Hebei, China) .CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp201～204,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）

Abstract: Orifice leaking of highsulfur natural gas pipeline happened frequently due to corrosion and other reasons in operation process, which will cause harm to personal safety and environment. In this paper, the CFD software Fluent is used to simulate the diffusion of methane and hydrogen sulfide after orifice leaking of sour gas pipeline in windy conditions. The result shows that because of the buoyant effect, methane diffusion trends to high altitude and its explosive range is near the leaking hole. Hydrogen sulfide spreads to high altitude due to the large initial momentum near  leaking hole, but with the decrease of momentum and the increase of diffusion distance, it gradually fall near to ground under the action of gravity. By comparision of methane and hydrogen sulfide diffusion under the condition of wind speed at 3 m/s and 1 m/s, the methane explosion range increase slightly at the wind speed of 1 m/s, high concentration hydrogen sulfide can achieve higher range, and the ground concentration close to leaking hole will be lower.

Key words: natural gas pipeline,numerical simulation,diffusion concentration