Aug.2013,Vol.42,No.4
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS
ABSTRACTS
Technical improvement of treatment factory in the late stage of condensate field development
Ma Guoguang1, Cui Guobiao1, Zhang Feng2, Cao Honggui2(1.Petroleum Engineering Institute of Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan,China; 2.No.1 Gas Production Plant of Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Kelamayi 834000,Xinjiang,China). CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp325～330,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: Condensate field controls dew point of natural gas through dehydration and dehydrocarbons by throttling refrigeration. In the middle and late period, due to the decreasing of gas field pressure year by year, the gas cannot meet the specification of hydrocarbon dew point of natural gas. The results of HYSYS simluaiton and process comparison show that the technology of "pressurization in front of throttle valve + dehydration and dehydrocarbons by propane refrigeration" can meet the requirements of dew point.
Key words: condensate field, pressurization, propane refrigeration, hydrocarbon dew point, HYSYS
An example for examination of working capacity on the plant of bulk CO2 removal from natural gas
Zhu Likai1, Chen Huailong2(1.Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610213,Sichuan,China; 2.CNPC Natural Gas Exploration and Development of the Amu Darya (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp331～335,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: Active MDEA aqueous solution with its superior characteristic on the energy saving is extensively used for bulk CO2 removal from the higher CO2 content industrial gas stream. A procedure is suggested to combine process calculation with acid gas load, which is measured by chemical analysis in active MDEA solution at some key points. It provides a reference for determination of the working capacity of the plant.
Key words: natural gas, CO2, bulk CO2 removal from natural gas, active MDEA process
Technology transformation of hydrocarbon and water dew point control process in Kelameili gas field
Cao Honggui1, Jiang Hong2, Tao Yulin1, Li Hu1, Wang Chuqi2(1. No.1 Gas Recovery Factory of Xinjiang Oilfield, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang,China; 2.Petroleum Engineering College, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.2,pp336～342,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: The hydrocarbon and water dew point control process of natural gas treatment plant in Kelameili gas field adopts a low temperature separation process by J-T valve refrigeration and glycol antifreezing, but hydrocarbon and water dew point of the transported natural gas is unstable and unqualified. According to material and energy balance of natural gas, HYSYS software is used to evaluate hydrocarbon and water dew point control process. The results show that process selection is reasonable. Based on the analysis of structure and working performance of core equipments including low temperature separator and gas-gas heat exchanger, the main reason of hydrocarbon and water dew point unqualified is the unreasonable selection of low temperature separator and gas-gas heat exchanger. A transformation scheme is proposed: the high pressure throttle technology is continued to use; the key equipment selection involves two tube and shell heat exchanger (fixed tube plate) series+SMMSM high efficiency separator, and the calculation value of hydrocarbon and water dew point of transmission natural gas is controlled at -13 ℃ or so. Considering of the temperature difference, the hydrocarbon and water dew point can be decreased to less than -5 ℃.
Key words: hydrocarbon and water dew point control, scheme transformation, gravity separator, tube and shell heat exchanger
Influences of low load condition on the natural gas processing unit and the process improvement measures
Sheng Wei,Wang Yanni, Sheng Chen, Chen Junxia, Niu Fang, Zhu Hua（Natural Gas Processing Plant, Zhongyuan Oil Field, SINOPEC, Puyang 457162,Henan,China）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp343～346,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: This paper firstly analyzes the influences of low load condition on natural gas treatment unit from two aspects: the low load condition can lead to surging , as well as yield decline, which directly affects the economic benefits. Secondly, aiming at the harm of units at low load condition, according to the experience formula of expansion refrigeration and throttling expansion, the methods, such as improving the processing capacity, the expansion ratio of expansion machine, and the throttle effect, and increasing the auxiliary refrigerating capacity, etc, are used to reduce top temperature of methane tower, so as to improve the unit yield. These measures have certain reference significance to the operation of similar natural gas treatment plant.
Key words: low load, natural gas treatment, device, process, measures
HAZOP practice of in-service units in natural gas purification plant
Gao Xiaogen1, Li Jin1, Ji Weian1, Zhao Jian2, Liu Qiang1, Song Bin1（1.Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610213, Sichuan, China; 2. Natural Gas Purification Plant of Central Sichuan Oil and Gas District, PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company, Suining 629000, Sichuan, China）.CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp347～352,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: This paper introduces the development situation of Hazard and Operability Study(HAZOP). An example was given to discuss the working process and application method of HAZOP combining the characteristics of process flow in the natural gas purification areas, especially in-service units. And it summarizes the questions and gives suggestions on in-service units in the natural gas purification plant by HAZOP. It provides improvement direction to improve the safety and operability of the natural gas purification plant, as well as references to other natural gas purification plant, or even other in-service units in the petrochemical plant.
Key words: natural gas, safety, risk, HAZOP, safety integrity level（SIL）
Operation effect analysis on optimization and transformation of the desulfurization and decarbonization device
Xia Yong, Zhong Wei, Zhang Chao, Hu Liping, Feng Yanhua, Wang Huijuan, Wang Duohua（The First Natural Gas Plant of Changqing Oilfield Company, CNPC,
Jingbian 718500, Shaanxi, China）. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp353～360,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: This paper firstly analyzes the main problems existing in operation process of the desulfurization and decarbonization device with capacity of 4×106 m3/d in the first purification plant in Changqing Oilfield Company. Then it describes the newly installed high efficiency fine filter and improvement measures of overall purification of amine solution in detail. Finally it evaluates the transformation effect.
Key words: desulfurization and decarbonization unit, efficient fine filter, amine purification,optimization and transformation
Dealing with catalyst temperature steeply rising in shutdown process of sulfur recovery unit
Zheng Kangtai1,Xu Tianyuan2,3（1. Oil Refinery of Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical Company Ltd, Nanjing 210048, Jiangsu, China; 2.Institute of Exploration and Development, Central Sichuan Oil and Gas District, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Suining 629000, Sichuan, China; 3. Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China）. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp361～364,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: The temperature steep rising of Claus reactor in shutdown process is likely to lead the sulfur recovery catalysts inactivation，or even bring an accident. Therefore, to prevent the temperature steeply rising in time is a very important way to protect the catalyst, reduce the accidents and economic loss. Aiming at the temperature steep rising accident in shutdown process in Sulfur Recovery Unit of YPC in 2012, this paper analyzed the reasons. According to the type of oxygen-enriched burners that had been used, methods such as reducing the oxygen ratio of acid gas combustion furnace, flowing nitrogen into the reactor, lowering the furnace temperature and inactivating the catalysts were used. The CT6-4B sulfur recovery catalysts in the reactor were protected efficaciously. Now the system is running well.
Key words: Claus, sulfur recovery, catalyst, temperature steep rising accident, reactor bed, inactivate
Research and development of China's natural gas interchangeability identification software
Zhang Qianqian1, Li Zhenlin1, Luo Qin2, Zhou Li2(1.China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China; 2.Research Institute of Natural Gas Technology, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610213,Sichuan,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp365～368,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: In order to better judge the interchangeability of two different gases with different components and combustion characteristics, the paper analyses the method of foreign gas interchangeability and the characteristics of the domestic gas, and elaborates the identification method of theoretical research. According to the theory principle of these methods, such as Wobbe index, American gas association (A.G.A), Weaver, Delbaurg Law and Dutton, the program is complied. The features and functions of gas interchangeability identification software are introduced, which proves the importance of developing corresponding identification software. In addition, the graphical method is used to compile a logic diagram and gather all kinds of gas source, by which the identification method of natural gas interchangeability can be summarized. The practical application prospects of the software are also forecasted.
Key words: natural gas, interchangeability, identification software, calorific value, module, index
Low temperature adsorption performance of methane on the high-surface carbon adsorbent
Chen Jinfu1, Hou Xia2, Hou Ao1（1.Department of Environmental Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249,China; 2.Lanzhou Petrochemical College of Vocational Technology, Lanzhou 730060,Gansu,China）. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp369～372,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: When liquefied natural gas vehicles (LNGV) is used for city cars, due to the layoff at night or a long time outage, evaporation of LNG in the tank could force the safety valve of the fuel storage system opening so as to release natural gas, which increases security environment risk of LNGV. Combined with the main characteristic of LNGV fuel storage system, methane adsorption performance on high surface area carbon adsorbent (SYJ-2) was researched under the low temperature and low pressure. The results showed that methane adsorption capacity by the adsorbent is 0.16~0.3 g/g, namely 82~153 ml/ml, on the condition of 238~161K and 1.5 MPa. Adsorbed natural gas (ANG) could be used for LNGV fuel storage system so as to improve its safety.
Key words: adsorbed natural gas (ANG), high-surface adsorbent, liquefied natural gas vehicles(LNGV)
BOG recovery of LNG storage tank cooling process
Chen Shuai, Tian Shizhang, Hu Wenjiang, Qu Peizhi, Gong Ming, Wang Xudong
(PetroChina Dalian Liquefied Natural Gas Company Limited，Dalian 116600,Liaoning,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp373～377,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: The cooling process of LNG storage tank will generate a lot of BOG, and how to reasonably recycle it is particularly important. The actual BOG recovery was calculated based on the third tank cooling of Dalian LNG receiving terminal, then the process and operation during the cooling process were appropriately improved, and the maximum recovery quantity and its required minimum output flow of LNG were figured out. By contrast, the improved recovery quantity is 1.64 times as much as the actual one, which reduces effectively the BOG emissions.
Key words: LNG, storage tank cooling, BOG recovery, the minimum output flow, BOG emissions
Development and application of natural gas screw expander
Diao Anna, Xu Qiongyan, Zhang Quanming, Wang Yu(Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute, Shanghai 200072,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp378～381,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: The high pressure pipe networks of city gas contain huge pressure energy. Based on the technology analysis of natural gas transmission and distribution system,the recovery method and application direction about pressure energy from the loss are discussed. It is proposed that the screw expander changes the pressure energy into electricity with pressure difference of high pressure regulator stations.The technological superiority and key technology of screw expander are described.The application example has proved the security and feasibility of the power generation technology with screw expander,which makes up for the defects of turbomachinery and is worth promoting in the natural gas pressure energy recovery and expansion refrigeration technology.
Key words: screw expander, pressure energy recovery, power generation system, sealing system, control system
Application of stimulated reservoir volume to horizontal wells in Sulige gas field——A case study in Su53 block
Ye Chenglin, Wang Guoyong(Project Department of Sulige Gas Field, GWDC, Panjin 124010, Liaoning, China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp382～386,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: In recent years, the stimulated reservoir volume becomes one of key transformation technologies for unconventional gas reservior. Sulige gas field is a tight sandstone gas reservoir. In order to realize high effective development for horizontal well and improve ultimate recovery of the gas reservoir, based on basic geological conditions for stimulated reservoir volume, the applicability of stimulated reservoir volume was analyzed for horizontal well in Su53 block of Sulige gas field. Meanwhile, different fracturing transformation ways used in horizontal wells were contrasted by numerical simulation method. There were two results: firstly, the main characteristics of the reservoir were low permeability，microfracture, high quartz content and so on, which are main reservoir conditions for stimulated reservoir volume. Secondly, the result of numerical simulation shows that the effect of stimulated reservoir volume was better than normal fracture. In addition, this paper analyzed the stimulated reservoir volume effect of five horizontal wells in 2012 by fracture monitoring technique, namely FAST software and TOPAZE software. The result showed that fracture parameters of stimulated reservoir volume were better than normal fracture. All horizontal wells were first class wells, whose average daily production was 12×104 m3/d in the early days; the average capacity of openflow was 77.9×104 m3/d, and average dynamic reserve was 1.75×108 m3.
Key words: stimulated reservoir volume, recovery factor, horizontal well, Sulige gas field, unconventional gas reservior
Synthesis of resorcinol-formaldehyde resin and its gellation performance with HPAM
Bi Weiyu1,2, Chen Na3, Wang Xinghong1,2(1. Research Institute of Oil and Gas Technology, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China; 2. National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Fields with Low Permeability, Xi'an 710021, Shaanxi, China; 3. No.1 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Yan'an 716000, Shaanxi,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp387～391,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: The crosslinker for gellation of partly hydrolyzed polyacrylamide was synthesized by the reactants of resorcinal and formaldehyde in ethanol, with alkali as catalysts. The effects of solvent, molar ratio, reaction temperature and formation temperature on gellation were studied. The results showed that: ①the time span for effective crosslinking of HPAM was prolonged profoundly when the organic solvents with dielectric constant smaller than that of water were adopted as reaction media;②the HPAM gel with optimum viscosity and strength was obtained when the crosslinker was synthesized from resorcinal and formaldehyde in the molar ratio of 1.0 ∶ 2.0; ③the reaction temperature of 40 ℃ was conducive to the hydroxymethylation of resorcinal and formation of A-stage resin, by which more active sites were available for crosslinking with HPAM; ④the gel formed from HPAM and resorcinol-formaldehyde resin can be applied for the formation with temperature in the range of 50 ℃ to 90 ℃.
Key words: gel, polyacrylamide, resorcinol, formaldehyde, crosslinker
Evaluation of gelling properties and formula optimization of temperature and salt resistance cross-linking polymer system
Tang Jinxing, Hai Yuzi, Sheng Haiyan, Luo Jiuming, Huang Haiquan(Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Henan Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Nanyang 473132, Henan,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp392～397,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: Simulated the reservoir conditions with high temperature of 95℃ in Shuanghe oil field, properties of gelling, temperature and salt tolerance, and long-term thermal stability of cross-linking polymer systems were evaluated，and main factors impacting on gelling properties were analyzed. The experimental results showed the cross-linking polymer systems have excellent temperature resistance of 105℃ and salt tolerance of 100 000 mg/L salinity, as well as long-term thermal stability after aging 180 days at 95℃. A line of formulations including highly crosslinked, moderate and low cross-linking systems were optimized for different oilfield applications, which provide new flooding systems for enhancing oil recovery of high temperature reservoirs.
Key words: polymer, cross-linker, ratio of polymer and cross-linker, viscosity, elevated temperature, temperature and salt tolerance, thermal stability
Preparation and application of a bio-enzyme gel breaker in Sichuan and Chongqing oil and gas field
Tang Hao,Chen Ying,Fan Yucai(Downhole Service Company, CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610051,Sichuan,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp398～400,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: A new type of bioenzyme breaking fracturing fluid was prepared, which is fit for Sichuan and Chongqing gas field, through a series of laboratory evaluation experiments. The bio-enzyme gel breaker is specific for the hydroxypropyl guanidine gum thickener, and it has good compatibility with other additives of fracturing fluid. Compared with conventional gel breaker, it has the features such as more thoroughly gel breaking, low viscosity of backflows, low residue content, low formation damage. By using it in three gas wells in Hechuan gas field, the application results showed that this new type of bio-enzyme breaking fracturing fluid system can meet the requirements of fracturing operation, in which the residues of backflows is lower than conventional breaker system, and the production of the two wells is better.
Key words: fracturing fluid, bio-enzyme, gel breaker, formation damage
Application of weak gel profile control technology in LD5-2 oilfield
Zhao Jun, Zheng Jilong, Chen Ping, Zhang Xiangchun, Hu Xue, Song Zhixue, Li Feng(CNOOC Energy Technology & ServiceOilfield Engineering Research Institute, Tianjin 300452,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp401～403,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: Strong reservoir heterogeneity and high water-oil mobility ratio of LD5-2 oilfield EdⅡu area for many years led to disequilibrium between layers. In order to improve profile of injection well, control break through of injected water, startup producing reserves of midlow permeable interval, and decrease the water ratio, laboratory study and field application of weak gel profile control technology were conducted in LD5-2 oilfield EdⅡu area. The results showed that weak gel obtained good effect and provided new ideas and methods for enhancing oil recovery in offshore field.
Key words: LD5-2 oilfield, weak gel, profile control, enhanced oil recovery
Augmented injection measure for Jinqiu block gas field water
Lin Yi1, Tang Hongming1， Ou Jiaqiang2， Chen Cong3， Wang Yanling1(1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation in Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China；2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Central Sichuan Oil and Gas District, Suining 629000, Sichuan, China; 3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development,CNOOC (China) Co.,Ltd. Tianjin Branch,Tianjin 300452, China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp404～408,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: There are some difficulties in water injection in Jinqiu block gas field of Central Sichuan Oil and Gas District. The recycled produced water has only been taken natural sedimentation and ordinary filtration at present. The characteristic of water quality need to be analyzed and the measures of augmented injection should be put forward. This paper analyzed the recycled produced water by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope（SEM）, and found out that the Jinqiu block recycled produced water contain high iron content, Fe2+ of which could not be removed by ordinary filtering only, and it contacts with oxygen to produce ferric iron precipitation. In addition, sewage from this block presents high salinity, easy fouling and strong corrosiveness. So the Jinqiu block gas field water treatment process should add manganese sand iron removal device, while put into proper amount of scale inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor. Dynamic core experiment showed that sewage reinjection ability was greatly improved after iron removal.
Key words: Chuanzhong oil and gas district, Jinqiu block gas field, gas field water, reinjection, iron removal
Improvement of sample solvent in determination of total components contents during etherification reaction
Qin Jing（PetroChina Urumqi Petrochemical Company，Urumqi 830019，Xingjiang,China）. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp409～411,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: The analysts have the same allergy symptoms after using the solvent of butanone to determine total components contents during the etherification reaction process in MTBE installation. Therefore, we use the absolute alcohol instead of the butanone, which has eliminated the allergy symptoms of analysts, and has no effect on analysis results.
Key words: butanone, absolute alcohol, sample solvent, improvement
Process calculation of natural gas flow meter verification based on MATLAB
Zhao Mengqing1, Huang Kun2, Wang Jinsong3, Yu Zhen1, Yang Han1, Ju Long4, Li Canrong1（1.Southeast Asia Pipeline Company，Beijing 100028,China;2. Petroleum Engineering College，Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China;3. West to East Gas Pipeline Company，Nanjing Measurement Test Center，Nanjing 210000,Jiangsu,China; 4. PetroChina Zhejiang Oilfield Company，Hangzhou 310023,Zhejiang,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp412～415,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: With a new round of gas pipeline project construction such as“Burma-China pipeline”, “the second and third line of West-East natural gas transmission project” and “liquefied natural gas ashore”, the flow meters for measuring gas flow are increasing. The only way to ensure these meters work accurately is to calibrate these meters precisely , which will make it more equitable for the transfer of natural gas trade. In this paper, basing on three levels of gas flow meter verification station, considering the influence of the increase of kinetic energy along the pipeline's on flow, the pressure loss model is established when natural gas flows in the verified pipe, and the parameters variation in different caliber meters calibration by MATLAB software are calculated, then the pressure difference is solved and the uncertainty in certification process is calculated, which conforms to the natural gas dispatching request.
Key words: MATLAB, verification of flow meter, uncertainty
Safety evaluation technology for high sulfur gas field development
Liu Kun1, He Na2, Wang Yao1, Zhang Yi1, Xu Feng1(1. Research Institute of Security Environmental Protection and Technological Supervision of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; 2. Research Institute of Natural Gas technology of PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610213,Sichuan, China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp416～420,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: With continuous development of domestic high sulfur gas fields, the safety evaluation work of these gas fields has obtained more and more attention from national and industrial sectors. As for the safety distance problem concerned by government and the public, existing safety evaluation technology only can conduct evaluation according to the standard and specification requirements, but can not combine characteristics of projects and the actual situations to scientifically and reasonably put forward relevant measures. This paper proposed the safety evaluation procedures and methods based on quantitative risk evaluation technology aiming at characteristics of high sulfur gas field development, and discussed the application in relation to the methods.
Key words: high sulfur gas field, safety evaluation, quantitative risk evaluation
Pigging process optimization in the gas field in Turkmenistan
Zhang Lin1,2, Zhang Wei3, Zan Linfeng1, Liu Youchao4, Su Xin1,2（1. China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd. Southwest Company, Chengdu 610017, Sichuan,China; 2. China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085,China; 3. Repair Branch of Yunnan PetroChina Kunlun Gas Company Limited,Kunming 650000,Yunnan, China; 4. CNPC Natural Gas Exploration and Development of the Amu Darya (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100101,China）. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp421～423,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: Multiple well gas gathering and two phase transmission process have been adopted in Turkmenistan gas field. Two slug captures with 150 m3 each and two buffer and sedimentation tanks with 100 m3 each were equipped. To ensure the safety of the trunk line pigging and the efficiency of slug captures and buffer tanks, OLGA, an advanced multiphase flow dynamics simulation software, was adopted to simulate pigging condition when the trunk line capacity is 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of the design capacity especially. The result showed that: ① the volume of slug captures and buffer tanks was reasonable and the pigging safety was ensured; ②the capacity should be increased temporarily to improve liquid holding capacity and decreased pigging liquid volume before pigging when the capacity was small; ③during pigging for small flow, the capacity should be decreased and the pigging rate should be more than 0.3 m/s to increase the pigging time and make full use of the downstream discharge capacity and decrease the liquid gathering volume in slug captures and buffer tanks.
Key words: gas field, gathering and transmission, process, pigging, optimization
Main points and methods of engineering analysis in environmental impact assessment of LNG project
Xiao Feng1, Shi Lei2, Wang Cheng3, Jing Xiaosheng1, Luo Xiaomei1（1. Shaanxi Zhongsheng Environmental Technology Development Co.,Ltd, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China；2. Shaanxi Gas Group Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710016, Shaanxi, China；3. Environmental Monitoring Station of Xincheng SubStation State Environmental Protection Bureau, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China）. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp424～428,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: Liquefied natural gas（LNG）project is a major industry of natural gas industry in China. It is also one of the important project types of environmental impact assessment (EIA). The major impacts of LNG project on environment are wastewater, waste gas and environmental risk from natural gas liquefaction. Based on the analysis of LNG production process, detailed engineering analysis was carried out and main pollution emission links were found out. The feasibility of environmental protection measures taken by the project as well as the achievement of the pollution control measures were discussed. The main ideas of the engineering analysis and environmental impact analysis in environmental assessment of LNG project were summarized, which has an important significance to the reserve increase of the mine.
Key words: liquefied natural gas, environmental impact assessment, engineering analysis
Application of sulfate-reducing bacteria control technology in oil and gas field
Liu Dongming, Zheng Zhoujun,Wang Ruilian(Chongqing Gas District of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company,Chongqing 400021,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp429～434,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: All sorts of microorganisms exist in the exploitation，gathering and reinjection system of oil and gas field, including sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), iron bacteria, and other microorganisms. SRB is the most harmful bacteria to water injection system. Through the statistical analysis of SRB distribution in the station of Chongqing Gas District, combined with gas field water treatment technology and tubing and casing corrosion status, based on the various biological corrosion control technologies, a kind of SRB corrosion control technology was recommended. Field application showed that LEMUPZ-H physical bactericidal technology can effectively kill and inhibit SRB in the gas field water, and all the equipments can be well protected. It is a kind of economic and effective measure to cope with sulfate reducing bacteria corrosion.
Key words: sulfate reducing bacteria, gas field water treatment, sterilization, corrosion, antisepsis method
Adsorption research of Zn-Al hydrotalcite and calcined product to methyl orange waste water
Liu Yucheng1, Zhang Yinlong1, Chen Mingyan1, Zeng Yongjie2(1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan,China; 2.Sichuan Huayou Co.,Ltd., PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company,Chengdu 610017,Sichuan, China ) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp435～438,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: Zn-Al hydrotalcite compound was prepared by coprecipitation. Both hydrotalcite and calcined product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra（FT-IR）and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption experiment of methyl orange solution was conducted for hydrotalcite compound and calcined product, in which the adsorption capacity was tested. The effects of ion ratio, equilibrium time and temperature on the adsorption capacity to methyl orange were studied. The results indicated that the crystallinity of hydrotalcite compound was good and the CO2-3 layer of calcined product had partly been destroyed. The calcined Zn-Al hydrotalcite showed more effective adsorption capacity for methyl orange than Zn-Al hydrotalcite. Under the optimum conditions of calcined temperature of 500 ℃, pH value of 5, adsorption time and temperature of 120 min, 30 ℃, respectively, concentration of the calcined product of 0.5 g/L and ratio of Zn-Al of 2∶1, calcined product was more effective than hydrotalcite to remove methyl orange, and the removal rate of methyl orange could reach 92.3%.
Key words: Zn-Al hydrotalcite, calcinations, methyl orange, adsorption
Research and development of a new harmless treatment technology for drilling fluid wastes
Li Xueqing1,2，Yang Jinrong2，Yin Zhiliang2(1.Southwest Petroleum University,Chengdu 610500,Sichuan,China; 2.CNPC Greatwall Drilling Engineering Company Limited，Beijing 100101,China) . CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF OIL & GAS, VOL.42, NO.4,pp439～442,2013（ISSN 1007-3426, IN CHINESE）
Abstract: The internal mechanisms of water-based drilling waste and oily drilling cuttings of oil-based drilling waste were researched. Firstly, efficient colloid breaker and efficient curing agent were developed, and new harmless technology of water-based drilling fluid waste has been formed. Secondly, new harmless treatment technology of oil-based drilling liquid with oil drill cuttings has been formed by physical, chemical and microbial technology. The two complete sets of technology have some advantages, such as simple operation, good treatment effect, small investment, and good reliability, which bring good social benefits and economic benefits.
Key words: drilling fluids, drilling fluid wastes, harmless treatment, environmental protection
