变压吸附氢气纯化装置爆炸事故定量风险研究

Quantitative risk study on explosion accident of PSA hydrogen purification unit

关键词:  变压吸附装置  氢气爆炸  定量风险评估  抗爆载荷

Key words:  pressure swing adsorption(PSA) unit  hydrogen explosion  quantitative risk assessment  anti-explosion load

摘要:

目的 为合理确定变压吸附（PSA）氢气纯化装置爆炸风险及其周边建筑物的抗爆设防荷载，有效进行抗爆设计及防护。方法 以某变压吸附氢气纯化装置为例，采用计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟构建40个爆炸计算场景，获取氢气纯化装置爆炸风险三维分布，及其对人员集中建筑物的影响。结果 根据10^-4 次/年的风险可接受准则和风险可接受范围内爆炸超压最大化准则，距离氢气纯化装置吸附塔橇85 m范围内人员集中建筑物应进行抗爆改造或设计；典型PSA装置北侧的人员集中建筑物墙的爆炸冲击波峰值入射超压为9.4 kPa，最大爆炸冲量为318 Pa·s，需要进行抗爆改造。结论 基于CFD的爆炸风险定量分析，考虑了装置实际布局、阻碍物等对氢气泄漏扩散、爆炸超压的影响作用，且滤除高后果低概率场景对最终爆炸设防荷载的影响，为PSA装置安全间距设置及周边人员集中建筑物抗爆改造或设计提供了依据。

Abstract:

Objective The aim is to reasonably determine the explosion risk of pressure swing adsorption(PSA) hydrogen purification unit and the anti-explosion fortification load of surrounding buildings so as to support the anti-explosion design and protection. Method Taking PSA hydrogen purification unit as an example, CFD simulation was used to construct 40 explosion calculation scenarios to identify the three-dimensional distribution of explosion risk of hydrogen purification unit and its influence on the people gathering buildings. Result According to the acceptable risk criterion of 10^-4 times per year and the maximum explosion overpressure criterion within the acceptable risk range, anti-explosion transformation or design should be carried out on the people gathering building within 85 m distance from the adsorption tower skids of the hydrogen purification unit. Besides, this study also showed that the peak incident overpressure of the explosion shock wave of the people gathering building wall on the north side of the typical PSA unit is 9.4 kPa, and the maximum explosive impulse was 318 Pa·s, which requires anti-explosion transformation. Conclusion With the consideration of the effects of the actual layout of the unit and obstacles on hydrogen leakage as well as diffusion and explosion overpressure, while eliminating the effects of scenarios with high consequences and low probability on the explosion protection value proof load, the quantitative analysis of explosion risk based on CFD in this study could provide an effective basis for the safe distance setting of PSA unit and the anti-explosion renovation or design of people gathering buildings.