劣质重油加工技术的挑战与对策——轻型乘用车电动化对重质油加工的影响

Challenges and countermeasures of inferior quality heavy oil processing technology: Effects of light passenger car electrifying on heavy oil processing

关键词:  劣质重油  轻质化  电动化  高效转化  发展趋势 

Key words:  inferior quality heavy oil  conversion of heavy oil to light oil  electrifying  efficient transformation  development trend

摘要:

针对原油重质化和劣质化以及未来页岩油、油砂油、重(稠)油、超重油、深层石油、沥青、煤焦油等非常规劣质重油的大量生产,从机动车尾气排放标准、车用燃料体系结构、质量标准和需求以及轻型乘用车电动化等多方面探讨,提出重油轻质化的目标产品将从以车用汽油为主逐步过渡到以煤油和柴油的运输燃料为主、煤油和柴油低硫低芳烃化的发展趋势,并分析了劣质重油加工技术开发方向,着重指出流态化热解工艺、流态化热解气化耦合工艺、高温短接触催化裂化工艺、重油悬浮床加氢裂解工艺和煤柴油饱和裂解工艺等将是今后劣质重油轻质化技术研发的重要方向和热点。 

Abstract:

Aiming at the mass production of heavier and inferior crude oil and unconventional inferior quality heavy oil, such as the shale oil, oil sands, heavy (thick) oil, ultra heavy oil, deep oil, asphalt and coal tar, and discussing the motor vehicle emissions standards, the structure of the automobile fuel system, quality standards and requirements as well as the light passenger car electrifying. The objective products of crude oil to light oil is the motor gasoline gradually transiting to the kerosene and diesel fuel, and the kerosene and diesel oil with low sulfur and low aromatic hydrocarbons was also put forward. At the same time, the development direction of inferior quality heavy oil processing technology was analyzed. Emphatically, the heavy oil fluidized pyrolysis process, the heavy oil coupling of fluidized pyrolysis gasification process, the heavy oil catalytic cracking process with high temperature and short contact, the heavy oil suspended bed hydrogenation cracking process and the kerosene and diesel oil saturation pyrolysis process will become important direction and hotspot of inferior quality heavy oil technology research and development in the future.